Final answer:
The Necessary and Proper Clause and the Supremacy Clause support a nationally-centered government perspective, while the Tenth Amendment and the Eleventh Amendment support a state-centered perspective.
Step-by-step explanation:
We are asked to identify which parts of the Constitution support a nationally-centered perspective and which parts support a state-centered perspective. The Necessary and Proper Clause (Article I, Section 8) and the Supremacy Clause (Article VI) support a nationally-centered perspective by expanding federal powers and establishing federal law as the supreme law of the land, overriding state laws when conflicts arise.
On the other hand, the Tenth Amendment supports a state-centered perspective by reserving all powers not delegated to the federal government for the states or the people. The Eleventh Amendment also supports state sovereignty by limiting the ability of individuals to sue states in federal court.
These components of the Constitution are critical in understanding the balance of power between the national and state governments, and have been a source of debate and interpretation since their inception.