Final answer:
A system of institutional rules and policies designed to outline roles and responsibilities, known as a bureaucracy, is pivotal for the efficient management of organizations. Bureaucracies use explicit rules for coordination and control, and they influence actions from the organizational to the international level.
Step-by-step explanation:
A system of institutional rules and policies designed to outline how various work roles and responsibilities are delegated, controlled, and coordinated refers to a bureaucracy. Bureaucracies are critical for efficient management within large organizations and political systems. They establish explicit rules that inform members regarding their interactions and help maintain order and productivity within the institution.
In detailed terms, bureaucracies are characterized by their explicit rules, which are written down and standardized. These institutions, whether part of a government body or a private organization, operate under a hierarchical structure that allows for the coordination of large numbers of people. The shift from personal management in small groups to a more systematic and less personal bureaucracy was necessitated as civilizations expanded, requiring a more efficient way to manage the growing complexity of interactive roles within societies.
The logic of the international system, expressed in institutions, rules, and norms, also plays a role in ensuring that political entities act in accordance with a broader structure. Bureaucracies therefore serve not only within individual organizations or states but can be reflected in global international systems, influencing actions at a much larger scale.