Final answer:
Nicotine impacts the cardiovascular system primarily by increasing blood pressure and potentially causing arrhythmias due to its effect on the autonomic ganglia. These changes contribute significantly to the risk of cardiovascular disease. Therefore, the correct option is A.
Step-by-step explanation:
Effects of Nicotine on the Body
Nicotine has a significant impact on the cardiovascular system, leading to an increase in blood pressure. This is due to the stimulation of sympathetic ganglia, which results in increased sympathetic input without significant parasympathetic regulation to counterbalance it. Over time, such increases in blood pressure can contribute to the risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, nicotine affects the autonomic control of the heart, potentially causing arrhythmias by sending conflicting signals that can disrupt the heart's natural rhythm.
Nicotine also binds with hemoglobin in red blood cells, limiting their oxygen-carrying capacity and contributing to the development of cardiovascular diseases. These effects on blood pressure and heart rhythm are important risk factors for heart disease. In the broader context of tobacco smoke inhalation, additional chemicals can cause blood vessels to narrow and weaken, further increasing the risk of heart attacks and strokes.