Final answer:
d. all of them (external pressure, fall of a nobleman, and a tragic hero) are found in Shakespeare's tragedies, exemplified in plays like Hamlet where these aspects contribute to the tragic narrative and the downfall of the protagonist.
Step-by-step explanation:
Which of the following identifies an element found in Shakespeare's tragedies? All of them are elements intrinsic to Shakespeare's tragedies. For instance, in the play Hamlet, external pressure is evident as Hamlet grapples with the mandate to avenge his father's death. This leads to his inner turmoil and contributes to the tragic unfolding of events. Another element found in Shakespearean tragedy is the fall of a nobleman, which reflects the demise of individuals of high status, such as princes or kings, due to their tragic flaws or circumstances. Lastly, a tragic hero is a staple character in Shakespeare's tragedies, embodying qualities outlined by Aristotle, such as nobility, a fatal flaw (hamartia), and a journey through misfortune and realization that ultimately leads to a tragic end, stirring pity and fear in the audience for cathartic effect.