Final answer:
In circular orbits, the artificial satellite with a greater radius will have higher potential energy, total energy, and angular momentum, but lesser kinetic energy compared to the one with a smaller radius.
Step-by-step explanation:
For two artificial satellites of the same mass moving around the Earth in circular orbits of different radii, the satellite with a higher orbital radius will have greater potential energy, total energy, and angular momentum. This is because potential energy and magnitude of angular momentum for a satellite in circular orbit increase with the radius of the orbit. However, its kinetic energy will be less than that of the satellite with a lesser orbital radius since the orbital speed decreases with increasing radius.
Let's break down each component:
- Potential Energy: Higher orbital radius means the satellite is further from Earth, increasing gravitational potential energy due to the formula U = -GMm/r, where U is potential energy, G is the gravitational constant, M and m are the masses of Earth and the satellite, and r is the distance from the center of Earth to the satellite.
- Total Energy: The total energy, which is the sum of kinetic and potential energy, will also be greater as the increase in potential energy with radius dominates the decrease in kinetic energy.
- Angular Momentum: Angular momentum, given by L = mvr (where v is orbital velocity and r is orbital radius), increases because the increase in orbital radius has a larger effect than the decrease in orbital velocity.