Final answer:
Bureaucratic control systems are the most pervasive and widely taught in formal organizations but may not always be the most efficient or flexible. The correct answer is D.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the context of formal organizations, the correct answer is bureaucratic. Bureaucratic control systems are highly structured and rely on standard rules and procedures to guide decision making and coordinate activities. They are often associated with large organizations such as government agencies or corporations. While bureaucratic control systems are pervasive and widely taught, they may not always be the most efficient or flexible due to their heavy reliance on rules and hierarchy.
Bureaucratic control systems are widespread but can be inflexible and inefficient compared to market systems and mixed economic systems, which are more adaptable.
Although formal bureaucratic control systems are the most pervasive and most widely taught, they are not always the most efficient or flexible. This is due to the nature of bureaucracies, which, while essential in managing large political units and formal organizations, can often become hampered by their strict organizational format. In contrast, market systems and mixed economic systems offer varying degrees of flexibility and efficiency that bureaucracies may lack.