Final answer:
The default method on a Cisco router, used to perform basic troubleshooting tests and list information stored on the router, is called exec mode. In this mode, you cannot make any changes to the router's configuration.
Step-by-step explanation:
The default method on a Cisco router, used to perform basic troubleshooting tests and list information stored on the router, is called exec mode.
In exec mode, you can view the router's current configuration, examine network interfaces, and run diagnostic commands such as ping and traceroute. However, you cannot make any changes to the router's configuration in this mode.
Exec mode is the first mode you enter when you connect to a Cisco router, and it provides a way to check the router's status and gather information without the risk of accidentally modifying settings.