Final answer:
A 4-phase PM DC stepper motor with 200 steps/revolution rotates its shaft in discrete steps by energizing magnetic coils in sequence. Using an Arduino Uno as an 8-bit microcontroller, one can control the stepper motor's rotation angle, speed, and direction. Limitations include reduced torque and potential for missed steps.
Step-by-step explanation:
Working of a 4-Phase PM DC Stepper Motor
The 4-phase PM (permanent magnet) DC stepper motor operates by shifting the magnetic field within the motor to rotate the motor shaft step by step. A 200 steps/revolution stepper motor means that it takes 200 steps for the motor to complete one full revolution. With a 4-phase stepper motor, each phase corresponds to a magnetic pole energized sequentially to attract the permanent magnet rotor, thereby turning it in discrete steps.
Designing an 8-Bit Microcontroller System for Motor Control
To design an 8-bit microcontroller system based on the Arduino Uno board for controlling this stepper motor's output shaft angle, you would write a program using the Arduino IDE. This program would send signals to the stepper motor driver which then energizes the motor coils in the correct sequence to achieve the desired angle rotations.
Controlling Speed and Direction
The speed of the stepper motor can be controlled by changing the rate at which the digital pulses are sent to the motor driver. To reverse the direction of rotation, the sequence in which the motor phases are energized can be reversed.
Limitations
Limitations of a stepper motor system can include reduced torque at higher speeds, mechanical wear due to constant stepping motions, and the potential for missed steps if the motor is overloaded or if it resonates at certain speeds.