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The following data show the brand, price ($), and the overall score for 6 stereo headphones that were tested by Consumer Reports (Consumer Reports website, March 5, 2012). The overall score is based on sound quality and effectiveness of ambient noise reduction. Scores range from 0 (lowest) to 100 (highest). The estimated regression equation for these data is = 23.194 + .318x, where x = price ($) and y = overall score.

Brand Price Score
Bose 180 76
Skull 150 71
Koss 95 61
Philip 70 56
Denon 70 40
JVC 35 26
Compute SST, SSR, and SSE (to 3 decimals).
SST =
SSR =
SSE =

User Matt Mazur
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Final answer:

To calculate SST, subtract the mean of the scores from each score and square the difference. Calculate SSR by subtracting the mean score from the predicted scores and squaring the difference. SSE can be calculated as SST - SSR.

Step-by-step explanation:

To calculate SST (Total Sum of Squares), we need to calculate the mean of the scores and subtract it from each score. Then, square each difference and sum them up.

SST = (76 - mean)^2 + (71 - mean)^2 + (61 - mean)^2 + (56 - mean)^2 + (40 - mean)^2 + (26 - mean)^2

Similarly, to calculate SSR (Sum of Squares Regression), we need to calculate the predicted score for each price based on the regression equation. Then, subtract the mean score and square the difference for each predicted score and sum them up.

SSR = (Predicted score1 - mean)^2 + (Predicted score2 - mean)^2 + (Predicted score3 - mean)^2 + (Predicted score4 - mean)^2 + (Predicted score5 - mean)^2 + (Predicted score6 - mean)^2

SSE (Sum of Squares Error) can then be calculated as SSE = SST - SSR.

The threshold of hearing in decibels for various frequencies can be found on a graph like Figure 17.34 or 17.38, reflecting equal-loudness contours. However, without access to the specific chart, the precise decibel levels cannot be provided, but it is recognized that sensitivity is higher near 1000 Hz and less at frequencies at either extreme end of the spectrum.

The threshold of hearing in decibels for the given frequencies is based on the graph from Figure 17.34 or Figure 17.38, which likely illustrates equal-loudness contours of the human ear, also known as Fletcher-Munson curves. For instance, for a frequency of 1000 Hz, which is a common reference frequency, the threshold of hearing might be quite low as that's near where the ear is most sensitive. Whereas at 60 Hz or 15,000 Hz, the values on the chart would likely be higher due to human ear's lesser sensitivity at those frequencies. However, it’s important to recognize that these answers come with uncertainties of several phons or decibels, related to the challenges in exact interpolation and the inherent variability in the equal-loudness curves.

Without access to the graph, we can note that the threshold of hearing typically increases at lower (60 Hz) and higher (15,000 Hz) frequencies, indicating the human ear's varying sensitivity across different frequencies.

User Saeeda
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