Final answer:
The correct answer is (b) northerly, easterly, as new sectional guide meridians and sectional correction lines are run to correct misalignments in the US Public Land Survey System's township boundaries.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question pertains to the United States Public Land Survey System (USPLSS), which employs a series of grids to subdivide lands. When there is a misalignment in the grid, often due to the natural curvature of the Earth, correction lines are established to adjust the plotting of the township's boundaries. These correction lines are known as sectional guide meridians when running north-south and sectional correction lines when running east-west.
Considering the context of the question, which asks about the implementation of a new sectional guide meridian or sectional correction line when the alignment of a township's boundary is defective. This choice corresponds to the practice where a new sectional guide meridian would run northerly (for north-south adjustments) and a new sectional correction line would run easterly (for east-west adjustments), hence addressing alignment issues in the township grid.