Final answer:
The majority of killings within prison involve inmates killing other inmates, and this is reflective of broader issues within the penal system, such as overcrowding, gang activity, and economic interests of private prisons.
Step-by-step explanation:
When considering prison violence and its major contributors, the majority of killings within prison statistically involve inmates killing other inmates. This pattern of violence is often a result of the harsh conditions within the prison system, including overcrowding and the presence of gang affiliations. Contrary to what some may believe, deaths involving prison staff killing inmates or prison staff killing other members of the staff are far less common, although such incidents do occur.
In the broader discussion on criminal justice and correctional facilities, there is an ongoing debate over the effectiveness of different methods of incarceration. Some believe in a more punitive approach, contending that stricter and longer sentences could act as a deterrent. Others, however, point out issues like racial and economic disparities in sentencing and argue for a need for better inmate rehabilitation programs.
Another trend affecting the prison system is the aging population of inmates, due to mandatory minimum sentencing and the "three strikes" policies from the 1980s and 90s. The growing number of elderly prisoners brings up ethical and practical concerns regarding their continued incarceration, particularly when they are no longer a threat to society.
Additionally, the role of private prisons and the economic interests they represent have been criticized for perpetuating high incarceration rates. The U.S. 'war on drugs' approach has been another significant factor in the explosion of the prison population since the 1970s, emphasizing incarceration over treatment and prevention strategies.