The genetic material is the hereditary material that contains the instructions for the development, functioning, growth, and reproduction of living organisms.
A capsid is the protein shell that surrounds the genetic material of a virus. It protects the viral genetic material and helps in the virus's attachment to host cells. The capsid is made up of protein subunits called capsomers. The shape and structure of the capsid vary among different viruses and play a crucial role in the virus's ability to infect host cells.
Metabolism refers to the set of chemical reactions that occur within a living organism to maintain life. Metabolizing nutrients involves the breakdown of complex molecules (such as carbohydrates, proteins, and fats) to release energy and build essential molecules for cellular functions.
Surface markers are molecules present on the surface of cells that help identify and differentiate one cell type from another. These markers can include proteins, glycoproteins, or other molecules. In the context of the immune system, surface markers play a crucial role in the recognition of self and non-self cells.