Final answer:
The first 10 amendments of the U.S. Constitution are collectively known as the Bill of Rights, serving to protect individual freedoms and limit the power of the government. They were ratified on December 15, 1791, and include fundamental protections such as the freedom of speech and the right to a fair trial.
Step-by-step explanation:
The first 10 amendments of the U.S. Constitution are commonly referred to as the Bill of Rights. Ratified on December 15, 1791, these amendments were primarily introduced to protect individual freedoms and guard against the potential tyranny of a strong central government.
They include critical protections such as the freedom of speech, press, religion, and the right to assemble (First Amendment), safeguard against unreasonable searches and seizures (Fourth Amendment), ensure due process of law (Fifth Amendment), right to a fair and speedy trial (Sixth Amendment), and protect against cruel and unusual punishment (Eighth Amendment).
Additionally, the Ninth Amendment indicates that the people have more rights than those listed in the Constitution. These amendments are foundational to American liberty and law, setting the stage for future expansions of rights.