Final answer:
The answer involves applying principles of Engineering to determine the scale and parameters for a hydraulic model of a river, based on the given physical and flow characteristics of the prototype and the limitations
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer is option E (Engineering). To construct a hydraulic model, specific scale factors and model parameters must be calculated based on constraints such as the maximum laboratory area and the maximum available discharge.
Length Scale: The length scale (Xr) is the ratio of the model's length to the prototype's length. Given the maximum dimensions of the laboratory area (20.0 x 60.0m), this limitation will guide the determination of the Xr value. Since the maximum laboratory length is significantly less than the prototype's length, the length scale will be less than 1.
Distorted Model Parameters: For a distorted model, besides Xr, we also need to determine the scale factors for width (Yr), depth (hm), slope (Sm), roughness (Ks)m, width (Bm), and discharge (Qm). The width, depth, and discharge scales are constrained by the laboratory's maximum width, depth, and discharge capacity.
Typically, distorted models can have different scale ratios for horizontal and vertical dimensions, allowing for a more manageable model within given constraints.
The calculation of each parameter requires extensive use of similarity laws such as Froude's or Reynolds' scaling, considering fluid properties and ensuring that flow behavior such as turbulence in the prototype is accurately represented in the model.