Final answer:
India is credited with primary mathematical contributions including the decimal number system and the concept of zero, which were fundamental for the advancement of mathematics and science. Together with contributions from Persian mathematicians, these formed the basis for significant scientific progress during the Renaissance.
Step-by-step explanation:
The region credited with the significant contributions to mathematics mentioned in the provided source materials is India. Ancient Indian mathematicians made seminal contributions to mathematics which still impact us today.
They devised the decimal number system along with the concept of zero, which is pivotal for modern arithmetic and computation. Furthermore, achievements in the field of trigonometry, with the calculation of pi to high degrees of precision, reflect their advanced understanding of mathematical concepts.
Meanwhile, Persian mathematicians, specifically in the Muslim world, have exceptionally contributed by enriching the fields of algebra and advanced numerical systems. Such contributions collectively laid the groundwork for developments during the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment.