The image shows three organic molecules requiring systematic naming per IUPAC rules: an alcohol named 2,2-dimethylbutan-1-ol; a ketone called 3,3-dimethylpentan-2-one; another alcohol termed 2-methylhexan-1-ol.
The image presents a worksheet that requires the viewer to write the systematic names of each depicted organic molecule. These molecules are fundamental to understanding organic chemistry, a branch of chemistry that studies the structure, properties, reactions, and synthesis of organic compounds containing carbon atoms.
The first molecule in the image is an alcohol due to the presence of an -OH (hydroxyl) group. It has a total of five carbon atoms in its longest chain and two methyl groups attached to the second carbon atom from the top. In IUPAC nomenclature, this molecule would be named as 2,2-dimethylbutan-1-ol.
The second molecule is a ketone because of its C=O (carbonyl) group not at the end but within the carbon chain. It consists of five carbons in its main chain with two methyl groups attached to the third carbon atom from either side. This compound would be systematically named as 3,3-dimethylpentan-2-one.
The third structure is another alcohol with six carbons in its longest chain and an -OH group attached to one end. There’s also a methyl group on the second carbon atom from where hydroxyl group is attached; hence it would be named as 2-methylhexan-1-ol according to IUPAC nomenclature.
These molecules are integral parts of various chemical reactions and processes occurring within and around us. They can be found naturally or can be synthesized for use in pharmaceuticals, industrial applications among others.
Understanding their structures and being able to name them systematically is crucial for communication among scientists globally ensuring consistency and clarity. The IUPAC nomenclature system provides rules that are universally accepted thereby facilitating precise identification and description of organic compounds’ structure.