Final answer:
The Spanish established colonies primarily in South America and North America, leading to extensive territorial claims including in the present-day USA and Philippines, and their conquests were involved in both wealth extraction and cultural impact.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Spanish established colonies in various regions other than their European homeland. The correct answer to which other areas the Spanish established colonies in is B. South America and North America. The Spanish indeed had significant territorial claims in both South America and North America, including the areas that are now known as California, Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas, as well as outposts in the Far East like the Philippines. The initial conquest and expansion involved the defeat of established empires such as the Aztec Empire in Mesoamerica and the Inca Empire in Peru. Moreover, the Spanish also had colonial interests in the Caribbean and parts of Mesoamerica and the Andes. Spanish conquests were often marked by the extraction of gold and silver and the spread of Catholicism. However, the presence of the Spanish also meant the introduction of European diseases such as smallpox, which had devastating impacts on the native populations.