Final answer:
The Ottoman Empire struggled in battles in Europe despite having gunpowder due to advancements in European military technology, diminishing economic and territorial gain, and the overall decline of the empire.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Ottoman Empire struggled when fighting battles in Europe despite having gunpowder due to various factors.
- European military technology: Over time, European kingdoms caught up to and surpassed Ottoman capabilities in military technology. This advancement put the Ottomans at a disadvantage when facing European armies.
- Economic and territorial gain: Foreign wars became more expensive for the Ottomans, leading to diminishing economic and territorial gain. This affected their ability to sustain prolonged conflicts in Europe.
- Decline of the empire: The Ottoman Empire experienced a decline in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, losing territory to European kingdoms.