Final answer:
The risk to participants that is no greater than the risks encountered in daily life is considered minimal. This level of risk affects the degree of oversight required in the ethical review process for research involving human subjects.
Therefore, the correct answer to the question is A. Minimal.
Step-by-step explanation:
When the risk to participants is no greater than the risks they encounter in daily life, the risk is considered to be minimal. Research involving human subjects must undergo ethical review and one aspect that is assessed is the level of risk involved.
Research that has minimal risk is typically subject to less stringent oversight than research with more than minimal risk. It's important for research to minimize the potential for harm and ensure that risks are reasonable in relation to any potential benefits. Ethical guidelines and regulations aim to protect research participants from harm and preserve their rights.
In the context of participant risk, when the risk is no greater than the risks encountered in daily life, it is considered minimal. This means that the risk is very small and unlikely to cause harm or injury to the participants.
For example, if a research study involves a new medication that has been extensively tested for safety and the potential risks are similar to those of taking an over-the-counter painkiller, then the risk to the participants would be minimal.
Therefore, the correct answer to the question is A. Minimal.