Final answer:
The social learning theory, unlike psychoanalytic theory, emphasizes reinforcement and observational learning as key factors in behavior and personality development, acknowledging cognitive processes as important in learning.
Step-by-step explanation:
The difference between social learning theory and psychoanalytic theory is that the social learning theory emphasizes the role of reinforcement and observational learning. Psychoanalytic theory, developed by Sigmund Freud, focuses on unconscious conflicts, desires, and the stages of psychosexual development. In contrast, social learning theorists like Albert Bandura propose that behavior is learned through interactions with the environment and through the observation of others, without the need for direct reinforcement. This approach also considers cognitive processes, such as thinking and reasoning, as integral components of learning, which is consistent with Bandura's concept of reciprocal determinism. Thus, the correct answer to the student's question is B. Emphasizes the role of reinforcement and observational learning.