Final answer:
The elements that may still be present when comparing communities today to the past are cultural values and lifestyle differences. Despite technological advancements and urbanization, societies preserve and adapt their core cultural elements such as traditions and beliefs.
Step-by-step explanation:
When comparing communities today to those in the past, the elements that might still be present are cultural values and lifestyle differences. Hence, the correct answer to the question is d. Both b and c. This is because while societies undergo transformation due to technology, urbanization, and global trade, they tend to preserve core aspects of their culture, such as beliefs, traditions, and everyday practices. From the agrarian societies affected by urbanization to the impact of industrialization and technological innovations, communities have shown resilience in maintaining their cultural identity.
Cultural elements such as religion, music, and traditions can withstand the force of change while adapting to new environments. Technological advancements, while influential, do not completely erase the ways in which societies express their values and interact with their environment. Urbanization studies embrace not just economic and political changes but also the way in which urban environments shape society's cultural and technological aspects. Ultimately, the dynamic nature of culture can lead to the preservation and reinvention of societal values in the face of global influences and technological change.