Final answer:
A summative assessment is used after a lesson to evaluate student learning by comparing it to a standard or benchmark, while formative assessments like practice problems or self-checks are used throughout the learning process.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of assessment that takes place after a lesson is b. Summative assessment. Summative assessments are designed to evaluate student learning at the end of an instructional unit by comparing it against some standard or benchmark. This contrasts with formative assessments, which are used during the learning process to monitor student learning, provide ongoing feedback, and allow instructors and students to identify areas for improvement.
An example of formative assessment could be practice problems or self-checks where students apply concepts and check their understanding before moving on to new material. Summative assessments, on the other hand, might include final exams, end-of-unit tests, or standardized tests, all of which are intended to gauge the learner's entire scope of knowledge on a subject after instruction has been completed.