Final answer:
The Supreme Court decided to hear the case of PGA v. Martin to address the interpretation of the Constitution and the protection of basic rights. The case involved the rights of individuals with disabilities, specifically regarding equal access and opportunity in professional sports.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Supreme Court decided to hear the case of PGA v. Martin because it involved the interpretation of the Constitution and the protection of basic rights. The basic right in question was the right to equal access and opportunity, specifically for individuals with disabilities. The case focused on whether Casey Martin, a golfer with a disability, should be allowed to use a golf cart during PGA Tour events, as mandated by the Americans with Disabilities Act. The Supreme Court's decision in this case helped establish the rights of individuals with disabilities to participate in professional sports and set a legal precedent for equal access and opportunity in other areas as well.