Final answer:
Hydrology is the study of water cycles, cytology is the study of cells, and ecology is the study of interactions within ecosystems. These disciplines are part of the broader field of biology. Zoology, botany, microbiology, and paleontology are also vital biological sciences with applications in various aspects of life.
Step-by-step explanation:
The study of water cycles is known as hydrology, the study of cellular structure and function is called cytology, and the study of ecological interactions and the environment is referred to as ecology. These terms are part of biology, the science that studies living organisms and their interactions with one another and their environments.
Zoology and botany are focused on the study of animals and plants, respectively. In contrast, microbiology is dedicated to the study of microorganisms. Those specializing in ecology investigate ecosystems, which consist of both living components and nonliving, or abiotic, aspects of the environment. As for paleontology, it utilizes fossils to explore the history of life across geologic time.
These areas of study offer insights fundamental to understanding biological systems and processes, with practical applications in health, agriculture, and conservation, affecting our daily lives significantly.