Final answer:
The agricultural revolution induced social stratification and the emergence of specialized roles within human societies, where wealth and resource control became linked to power and status, and gender roles led to women's subjugation.
Step-by-step explanation:
The agricultural revolution led to social stratification based on the specialized roles people fulfilled in their communities.
The Neolithic Revolution, or agricultural revolution, was a turning point in human history that led to sedentary societies with an increase in population, advancements in farming techniques, and the creation of permanent settlements. As agriculture became more efficient and capable of producing surpluses, not everyone needed to be involved in food production. This led to a division of labor and the rise of specialized professions such as traders, craftspeople, and religious leaders.
Importantly, societal roles became more defined, with wealth accumulation and the ability to control resources empowering a select few, often the elites and religious figures, while others endured hard labor or bondage. The transition from nomadic hunter-gatherer lifestyles to settled agricultural communities also affected gender roles, with men primarily working the fields whereas women were relegated to domestic duties, establishing gender-based hierarchies that subjugated women within the domestic sphere.