Final answer:
The construction of the transcontinental railroad primarily attracted more migrants to the West by facilitating easier and faster travel. It also played a role in the transformation of American economy and society, but did not make land available for cotton plantations, attract more Latin Americans specifically, or make more land available for Native Americans.
Step-by-step explanation:
One effect of the construction of the transcontinental railroad was to attract more migrants to the West. This was due to the reduced travel time and cost, and the convenience of moving goods and people across the country. The Homestead Act of 1862, along with the railroad, encouraged this movement by offering land to those willing to settle and farm in the West. As a result, westward migration accelerated, supporting the expansion of urban centers, the increase in factory jobs, and the growth of agriculture in western states.
The construction of the transcontinental railroad did not make land available for cotton plantations in the West, nor did it result in attracting more Latin Americans specifically. It also did not make more land available for Native Americans; in fact, it contributed to the confiscation and loss of their lands, as their territories were often in the path of the expanding United States.