Final answer:
Merchants embarked on extended and perilous voyages to procure spices from the East due to scarcity in their home regions, the lucrative spice trade, and the need for alternative routes to Asia.
Step-by-step explanation:
Merchants embarked on extended and perilous voyages to procure spices from the East during historical periods due to several factors:
- The scarcity of spices in their home regions.
- The desire to tap into the lucrative spice trade, which would bring great wealth and weaken the Muslim world, while strengthening the Christian world.
- The need to find alternative routes to Asia as the traditional Silk Road routes became more difficult, expensive, and controlled by Muslim middlemen.