Final answer:
Russian citizens faced forced conscription into the Russian military, which they escaped by immigrating to the U.S. Jewish people specifically fled due to anti-Semitic violence and pogroms. The socio-political landscape of the Russian Empire, characterized by oppression and industrialization under the Tsars, further fueled immigration.
Step-by-step explanation:
Among Russian immigrants who came to the United States, there were many who sought to escape forced conscription into the Russian military. Forced conscription meant that Russian citizens were required to complete a term of service in the Russian armed forces. Therefore, C. required to complete a term of service in the Russian armed forces is the correct answer to the question presented.
In the context of why Jewish people fled the Russian Empire in the late nineteenth century, one of the primary reasons was to escape anti-Semitic violence. These violent manifestations against Jewish communities, known as pogroms, were not only condoned but also sometimes encouraged by the government. The anti-Semitic policies and violent attacks on Jews resulted in many Jewish families seeking refuge in the United States, where American Jews provided assistance and a haven from discrimination.
It's also important to understand the broader context of the Russian Empire during this period. It included significant oppression across various sectors of society and minority groups being forced to live in restricted areas. Industrialization under the Tsars, especially Nicholas II, brought some economic development, but it could not overshadow the discriminatory practices and political oppression that led many to immigrate to the United States.