Final answer:
Elements transported from mountains to the sea include sediments, soil, rocks, minerals, and plant debris, facilitated by weathering and erosion. Chemicals dissolved in water form deposits like salt and limestone. These processes all contribute to the shaping of the earth's surface and marine deposits
Step-by-step explanation:
Besides water, other elements that are carried down a mountain and into the sea include sediments and soil, rocks and minerals, and vegetation and plant debris. These elements are transported through the processes of weathering and erosion, where rocks are broken down and then moved to other locations, such as river valleys and flood plains. As mountains erode, these materials are deposited in various settings, including rivers and near-shore marine environments. Furthermore, chemicals dissolved from rocks are carried in water, forming evaporite deposits like salt around salt lakes and limestone in sea bottoms. Soil erosion can also transport nutrients and contaminants to water bodies.
Over time, tiny sea plants and animals die and are buried by sediment on the ocean floor, which eventually becomes part of sedimentary rocks. Water, as a crucial weathering agent, plays an essential role in breaking down rocks into fragments and transporting them to new deposition areas, hence shaping the earth's surface and contributing to the lithosphere.