Final answer:
A satellite goes into orbit by being launched high enough to avoid atmospheric drag and then accelerating to a speed that allows it to balance Earth's gravity. It remains in orbit due to its momentum counteracting the gravitational pull, maintaining a constant orbital speed. Geosynchronous orbits are unique for matching Earth's rotation.
Step-by-step explanation:
To put a satellite into orbit around Earth, it must be launched with enough energy to reach orbital altitude and then accelerated to a speed that counterbalances gravitational pull, effectively entering freefall around the planet. Once in orbit, if it is at a high enough altitude to avoid atmospheric friction, a satellite will remain in orbit indefinitely, moving at a constant speed in a balance between gravity pulling it inward and its velocity trying to carry it away. This delicate balance is similar to that of natural satellites, like the Moon, and entails maintaining a precise orbital speed of about 8 kilometers per second for a circular orbit.
Geosynchronous orbits are special because satellites in these orbits match Earth's rotation, appearing to stay in a fixed position relative to the surface. Objects can escape orbit by accelerating to at least the escape speed of 11 kilometers per second, which then allows them to break free from Earth's gravitational influence.