Final answer:
In Fletcher v. Peck, the Supreme Court dealt with the issue of Separation of Powers and Capacity to Govern, focusing on a state's ability to rescind a land grant and the protections of the Constitution extending to private contracts.
Step-by-step explanation:
In Fletcher v. Peck, the Enduring Constitutional Issue that the Supreme Court addressed was Separation of Powers and Capacity to Govern. This decision in 1810 is notably one of the first instances where the Supreme Court asserted its role in overturning state law, thus emboldening judicial review at a national level. The case involved a land dispute following the Yazoo land fraud in Georgia, and the central constitutional issue was whether a state could rescind a land grant, which brings into question the contractual obligations under the Constitution.
The case underscored the balance of power between the state and federal governments, a theme deeply rooted in the foundations of federalism, a central constitutional design created during the inception of the United States. Federalism is the division of power between the national government and the states, with the Supreme Court often resolving tensions between these layers of government. Fletcher v. Peck contributed to the development of American jurisprudence by extending protections of the Constitution to private contracts and cementing the judiciary's role in mediating disputes that involve state legislative actions impacting individual rights and property.