Final answer:
Galileo was forced to renounce Copernican heliocentrism due to the Roman Catholic Church's opposition, which aimed to reaffirm its authority amidst the Protestant Reformation,
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer is option History. Galileo was compelled to renounce Copernicus' ideas due to the immense pressure and authority of the Roman Catholic Church during his time. In the 1590s, Galileo embraced the Copernican heliocentric model, which posited that the planets orbited the sun.
However, this view directly contradicted the traditional geocentric model supported by the Church. The Church, still defending the Aristotelian and Ptolemaic views and reeling from the Protestant Reformation, aimed to reaffirm its authority by condemning Galileo's support of Copernicanism.
In 1616, under threat of the Inquisition, Galileo was forced to recant his support for the heliocentric model, despite his previous advocacy and evidence.
The decree by the Church stated that the Copernican doctrine was 'false and absurd.' Galileo's trial and subsequent house arrest marked a significant conflict between emerging scientific thought and established religious doctrine.