Final answer:
A firefighter's emergency operation (FEO) system, also known as elevator recall or fire service mode, is what automatically recalls elevators to a designated landing during a fire. It can be activated by smoke detectors or manually by firefighters and sends elevators to a specific recall level.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of fire protection device that automatically recalls elevators to the designated landing in the event of a fire is known as a firefighter's emergency operation (FEO) system, also commonly called elevator recall or fire service mode.
When smoke is detected by smoke detectors strategically placed in the building, usually at the elevator lobbies, elevator machine rooms, and hoistways, the FEO system is activated.
Additionally, the system can be activated manually by firefighters through a key switch. Once activated, the system will override normal elevator control, causing the elevators to move to a specific recall level, which is usually the ground floor or a designated fire-safe floor, and cease responding to normal call buttons. This procedure is crucial for safety, ensuring that occupants do not use the elevators during a fire, and providing firefighters with control of the elevators for their operations.