Final answer:
A pigment- ed, flat lesion larger than 1.5 cm in diameter should be worked up for melanoma, a type of skin cancer known for its potential to metastasize and be fatal if not promptly treated. Features to watch for include asymmetry, irregular borders, variegated color, larger diameter, and evolving or changing characteristics.
Step-by-step explanation:
A pigmented, flat lesion measuring 1.5 cm in diameter and that is non-tender should be worked up for the potential diagnosis of melanoma. Melanoma is a dangerous type of skin cancer characterized by the uncontrolled growth of melanocytes. When examining for melanoma, doctors and patients can use the ABCDE criteria, which includes asymmetry, borders (irregular), color variation, large diameter (larger than 6 mm), and evolving or changing in appearance. These signs, together with being non-tender, may suggest a serious condition that typically requires further investigation such as a biopsy to confirm diagnosis and to proceed with appropriate treatment like surgical excision and immunotherapy. Additionally, being aware of other skin abnormalities, such as smooth spots of discoloration, raised bumps, or lesions that resemble cysts can be essential in early detection of skin cancers.