Final answer:
The use of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) such as Fluoxetine during the third trimester of pregnancy may result in fetal side effects, with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) being the most likely. There can also be additional risks such as preterm birth and neonatal adaptation syndrome.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question addresses concerns about the use of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) such as Fluoxetine during the third trimester of pregnancy and their potential fetal side effects. SSRIs like Fluoxetine are commonly prescribed as antidepressants and work by increasing serotonin levels in the central nervous system. While SSRIs are known to generally have fewer anticholinergic side effects compared to other antidepressants, their use during pregnancy, especially in the third trimester, can be associated with certain risks for the developing fetus.
The most likely fetal side effect seen with maternal use of SSRIs during the third trimester is persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN). PPHN is a serious lung condition that affects newborns' ability to adapt to breathing outside the womb. Additionally, there may be other risks such as preterm birth and neonatal adaptation syndrome, which includes symptoms like respiratory distress, feeding difficulties, and jitteriness. These risks underscore the importance of carefully weighing the benefits and potential side effects when considering the use of SSRIs during pregnancy.