Final answer:
Leiomyoma, or uterine fibroids, can impact pregnancy by altering the shape of the uterine cavity, increasing the risk of miscarriage, preterm birth, and contributing to sub-fertility. Submucosal fibroids, in particular, are associated with reduced fertility. Treatment options include surgery and hormonal therapies to stimulate ovulation, though they carry risks for multiple pregnancies.
Step-by-step explanation:
Leiomyoma, commonly known as uterine fibroids, can impact pregnancy in various ways. They are benign tumors that originate from the smooth muscle layer of the uterus. These growths can potentially lead to complications depending upon their size, number, and location.
Leiomyomas can affect pregnancy by:
- Causing changes to the shape of the uterine cavity which may interfere with the implantation of the fertilized egg or the development of the placenta.
- Increasing the risk of miscarriage and preterm birth.
- Contributing to sub-fertility by blocking the fallopian tubes or distorting the uterine cavity, which can inhibit the sperm from reaching the egg or prevent implantation.
Some leiomyomas are more likely to lead to sub-fertility, such as those that are submucosal (located within the lining of the uterus) or those that significantly alter the shape of the uterine cavity. Submucosal fibroids are particularly associated with decreased fertility and may require treatment to improve fertility outcomes.
Regarding treatment options, surgery can be pursued to correct conditions such as blocked fallopian tubes or to remove fibroids. Hormonal treatments are another option and are often used to stimulate ovulation. However, such treatments can lead to the release of multiple eggs, increasing the possibility of multiple pregnancies, which come with higher risks for both the babies and the mother.