Final answer:
Post term pregnancies are associated with several risks including postpartum hemorrhage, the potential need for a Caesarian section due to surgical complications, umbilical cord problems, and meconium aspiration, all of which necessitate careful monitoring and potential interventions such as labor induction.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term post term pregnancies refer to pregnancies that have extended beyond the normal 40-week gestation period. There are several complications associated with postterm pregnancies, both for the mother and the fetus. One of the key concerns is that if fragments of the placenta remain in the uterus, they can lead to postpartum hemorrhage, a severe obstetric complication.
Additionally, the global average for malformation in live births is 6%, with various factors, including genetics and environmental issues, contributing to these complications. Due to the increased duration of pregnancy, there is a higher risk of dysmaturity syndrome for the baby, which can result in the baby being born with wrinkled, peeling skin, and possibly with a loss of subcutaneous fat and muscle mass.
Another concern is the need for a Caesarian section, which potentially arises more often in post term deliveries. This major abdominal surgery can lead to post-surgical complications for the mother. Moreover, there is an increase in the risk of umbilical cord problems, such as a true knot or compression. This could compromise the oxygen and nutrient supply to the fetus, leading to fetal distress. The risk of meconium aspiration is also elevated in postterm pregnancies. Meconium is the infant's first feces, and if it is passed while still in the uterus and inhaled into the lungs, it can cause serious respiratory problems for the newborn.
It is crucial for the obstetrician to monitor post term pregnancies closely, watching for signs of fetal distress and other complications. Interventions such as induction of labor or a planned Caesarian section may be necessary to mitigate these risks and ensure a safe delivery for both the mother and the newborn.