Final answer:
Acute pulmonary edema in pregnancy can result from heart or kidney failure, volume overload, preeclampsia, or decreased colloid osmotic pressure due to liver disease.
Step-by-step explanation:
Acute pulmonary edema in pregnant patients is often caused by factors such as heart failure, kidney failure, and volume overload due to physiological changes in pregnancy. In heart failure, increased hydrostatic pressure results from blood getting backed up in the pulmonary circulation, leading to fluid leakage into the lungs. Kidney failure can result in impaired fluid management, exacerbating the issue.
Volume overload during pregnancy can also increase the risk as the body adapts to support the growing fetus. In addition to cardiac and renal issues, other factors can include preeclampsia, which is a pregnancy-specific condition that can cause fluid retention and may lead to pulmonary edema.