Final answer:
Poorly controlled pre-gestational diabetes increases the risk of congenital anomalies, spontaneous abortions, and preterm births in the baby. It can cause heart defects, neural tube defects, and high birth weight, complicating delivery.
Step-by-step explanation:
Women with poorly controlled PREGESTATIONAL DM (pre-gestational diabetes mellitus) put their baby at risk for a variety of complications after conception. Uncontrolled diabetes before and during early pregnancy can lead to a higher rate of congenital anomalies, spontaneous abortions, and preterm births. Poor glucose control can cause abnormal fetal development, especially during the first trimester when the baby's organs are forming. In addition to direct complications, women with uncontrolled diabetes also have an increased risk of infections, which can adversely impact both the mother and the developing baby, increasing the risk of miscarriage and stillbirth.
Examples of specific risks include congenital heart defects, neural tube defects, and high infant birth weight (macrosomia), which can make delivery more complicated and increase the likelihood of cesarean section. Maintaining good blood glucose levels before conception and throughout pregnancy is crucial in reducing these risks.