Final answer:
Genetic testing can be done to determine whether individuals have inherited specific cancer-causing mutations. It is important to meet certain criteria and seek genetic counseling to understand the results and potential implications for reducing cancer risk and making informed decisions about future medical care.
Step-by-step explanation:
Genetic testing can be done to determine whether individuals have inherited specific cancer-causing mutations. Some of the most common inherited cancers for which genetic testing is available are hereditary, breast, and ovarian cancer, caused by mutations in genes named BRCA1 and BRCA2. Based on family medical history, genetic counseling, and certain criteria such as diagnosis of cancer at a young age, multiple cancers occurring independently in the same person, and several close genetic relatives having the same type of cancer, a genetic cancer risk assessment can be conducted. If a person meets the criteria and is advised to undergo genetic testing, it is highly recommended to seek genetic counseling to understand the results and potential implications for reducing cancer risk and making informed decisions about future medical care. Genetic counseling can also help assess the chances of passing on inherited mutations to future generations.