Final answer:
Grammar and pronunciation are closely tied to semantics, syntax, and the lexicon, which collectively form the structure of a language. Various dialects demonstrate regional differences in pronunciation and grammar within the same language. The relatedness of languages is often determined by a shared linguistic ancestry, which includes similarities in grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation.
Step-by-step explanation:
Topics closely related to grammar and pronunciation in language include semantics, syntax, and the lexicon of a language. The lexicon is essentially the vocabulary of a language, including all its words and derived forms. Grammar is the framework for constructing phrases and sentences out of words, and it encompasses a variety of rules and principles, such as verb tenses and word order. Pronunciation, on the other hand, is the way in which the sounds of a language are made with the mouth and throat.
When we talk about English and its dialects, there are regional variations in pronunciation that can also affect grammar and vocabulary. For example, rhotic accents pronounce the 'r' in words, whereas non-rhotic accents do not, which can change the spelling and sound of words in specific dialects. Understanding the relationship between pronunciation and grammar is essential for grasping how dialects of the same language can vary widely.
Two languages are considered related if they evolved from the same older language. This relationship means that they may share certain grammatical structures, vocabulary, and pronunciation patterns, which may make them mutually intelligible to some extent.