Final answer:
This question deals with the role of the parasympathetic nervous system in slowing the heartbeat, lowering blood sugar, and restarting the digestive system after stress. It involves insulin's role in glucose uptake and the shift back to homeostasis.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question refers to the effects of the parasympathetic nervous system which is part of the autonomic nervous system responsible for bringing the body back to a state of rest after stress or danger has passed.
The release of insulin by the pancreas is a response to the presence of nutrients in the blood, which helps to lower blood sugar levels by increasing glucose uptake by the body's cells. The purpose of insulin is to maintain blood glucose concentration and to achieve homeostasis.
Furthermore, acetylcholine released by the parasympathetic nervous system has various effects on target organs, which include a decrease in heartbeat, a lowering of blood pressure, and the stimulation of the digestive system. This helps the body to return to its normal state after experiencing a 'fight-or-flight' response, as such during times of stress when the sympathetic nervous system is active.