Final answer:
After potential exposure to HIV, an ED physician would prescribe post-exposure prophylaxis, order HIV testing, and provide instructions on medication adherence and follow-up testing. Counseling and educational support are also vital components of care for the exposed individual.
Step-by-step explanation:
Emergency Response to Potential HIV Exposure
Following potential exposure to HIV, an Emergency Department (ED) physician would likely prescribe a course of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), which includes a combination of antiretroviral drugs to prevent the virus from replicating. The physician would also order HIV testing, typically starting with an initial baseline test and follow-up tests at several intervals, such as at six weeks, three months, and six months after exposure. The tests can include rapid HIV tests, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and confirmatory tests like Western blot or PCR.
Patients will be instructed on the importance of adhering to the PEP regimen for the full prescribed duration, usually 28 days, and the need to follow up for additional testing. They will also be educated on how early detection of HIV is crucial, and that prompt treatment can significantly slow the progression of the disease. In cases of positive results, counseling and support services are provided to help the patient manage the diagnosis and treatment options.
Instructions for the EMT
The EMT should follow the prescribed schedule for taking antiretroviral medications and attend all follow-up appointments for testing. They should also observe for any side effects of the PEP regimen and report them to the healthcare provider. The EMT will be counseled on safe practices to prevent further risk of exposure and transmission of HIV.