Final answer:
Some IV issues or complications that can cause extracellular fluid volume excess include hypervolemia, dehydration due to injection of hypertonic solution, and secondary dehydration.
Step-by-step explanation:
Some intravenous (IV) issues or complications that can result in extracellular fluid volume excess are:
- Hypervolemia: Excessive fluid volume can be caused by retention of water and sodium, commonly seen in patients with heart failure, liver cirrhosis, kidney disease, hyperaldosteronism, or some glucocorticoid steroid treatments. The condition depends on reversing the underlying cause.
- Dehydration due to injection of hypertonic solution: Injection of concentrated sugar or salt solution can increase the osmotic pressure of blood, causing fluid to flow from the tissues into the blood. This can lead to a temporary increase in blood volume and subsequent dehydration as excess material is eliminated through urination.
- Secondary dehydration: Alterations in electrolyte concentrations, particularly sodium and potassium, can affect the volume of body water. This can result in intracellular edema, circulation slowing, impaired urinal function, and weakness.