Final answer:
The correct answer to the question is inhalation or inspiration, which is a part of the pulmonary ventilation process involved in respiration.
Step-by-step explanation:
When the resident breathes in, the process is known as inhalation or inspiration. This is part of the broader respiratory process called pulmonary ventilation, which is divided into two phases: inhalation and expiration (or exhalation). During inhalation, air is actively drawn into the lungs through the contraction of the diaphragm, allowing the body to take up oxygen from the air—a process crucial for life. In contrast, expiration is largely a passive process where the elastic recoil of the lungs and relaxation of the diaphragm allows air to be expelled from the lungs.
The entire sequence, termed respiration, not only includes pulmonary ventilation but also involves external respiration, interpulmonary respiration, and internal respiration—all contributing to the gas exchange between the body and the outside air, primarily involving oxygen intake and carbon dioxide waste removal.