Final answer:
The beginning of the 17th century brought significant changes to Europe and the Renaissance. The Baroque period influenced art, religion, and society, while the 17th century saw the emergence of new forms of literature. Italy made the greatest contributions to the arts, sciences, and literature during this period.
Step-by-step explanation:
The beginning of the 17th century took the Renaissance and the destiny of Europe in new directions. The important changes that took place during this time include the rise of Protestantism, the religious wars, and the Council of Trent's response to the Protestant Reformation. The Baroque period, which began around the same time, influenced art, religion, and society by emphasizing grandiosity, emotional expression, and the glorification of the Catholic Church. New forms of literature, such as the novel, emerged during the 17th century.The nation that made the greatest contributions to the arts, sciences, and literature during this period was Italy, particularly Rome, which was the center of the Baroque movement. Italian artists, scientists, and writers produced masterpieces that still influence the world today.