Final answer:
Older adults often experience a decline in brain cell number and efficiency of the immune system, decreased stamina, strength and sensory acuity, and an increased risk for neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, leading to various cognitive and motor impairments.
Step-by-step explanation:
Physiological Changes in the Neurological System of Older Adults
The neurological system of older adults typically undergoes significant changes. A common observation is the decrease in number of brain cells which correlates with cognitive impairments seen with aging. This can manifest as mild cognitive impairments, with nearly half of those over the age of 85 showing signs. Additionally, there is an increased risk of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis, which result from the degeneration of neurons or affected myelin sheath. These conditions can lead to a variety of symptoms, from motor function impairments to dementia.
Physiologically, older adults experience a decline in stamina, strength, reflex times, and sensory acuity. Skin elasticity lessens, muscle strength diminishes, and the efficiency of the immune system decreases, raising the susceptibility to serious illnesses. Furthermore, the aging brain can suffer from diminished cognitive functions due to degeneration of corticostriatal connections, leading to slower response times and increased errors in tasks. Late adulthood typically features these declines in both physical and cognitive capacities as the body and mind continue to age.