Final answer:
The nurse should ask the mother about their living environment to address potential lead exposure risks, especially since homes built before 1978 are prone to lead paint-related hazards. This is important because lead exposure can have significant developmental and health impacts, and prevention strategies should be discussed.
Step-by-step explanation:
The result of a toddler's lead screening showing 12 mg/dL (which is assumed to be an error and should likely be µg/dL) should prompt a response from the nurse that addresses the potential for lead exposure and its risks. Given the scenario that Lucas's blood lead level is 10 µg/dL, which is considered elevated, the nurse should opt for response 4: "Tell me about where you live." This question is significant because environmental factors such as deteriorating lead-based paint, dust from peeling and cracking paint, and water from lead pipes are common sources of lead exposure in homes, especially those built before 1978.
In managing lead exposure, it's vital to limit further contact with lead-containing substances, and address potential sources in the home and diet. Health risks associated with lead exposure include developmental delays, neurological damage, and other medical issues such as anemia, which is of particular concern in young children and pregnant individuals. To prevent future exposure, actions such as frequent cleaning, using lead-safe certified professionals for painting and repairs, and ensuring a nutritious diet rich in iron, calcium, and vitamin C are recommended because these nutrients can help reduce the absorption of lead.