Final answer:
Of the given options, 'Applying research findings to policy and practice' highlights a key challenge in translational criminology, which is the process of converting research into practical strategies for crime prevention and policy formulation.
Step-by-step explanation:
Among the options given, c) Applying research findings to policy and practice best illustrates a challenge to translational criminology. Translational criminology aims to bridge the gap between academic research and real-world crime prevention strategies. This involves translating insights from research into actionable policies and strategies that can be implemented by law enforcement and other stakeholders. The challenge often lies in convincing policymakers and practitioners to adopt new approaches based on research findings, aligning with existing legal codes, and ensuring that the proposed changes are feasible, cost-effective, and actually address the community's specific needs. This challenge encompasses understanding the biases of voters and policymakers, the cost-benefit framework for crime reduction, and the spatial patterns of criminal activity to support informed decision-making.