Final answer:
The newborn's first breath alters the circulatory pattern by closing shunts and collapsing umbilical blood vessels.
Step-by-step explanation:
The newborn's first breath alters the circulatory pattern. When a newborn takes their first breath at birth, the lungs inflate and there are changes in the circulatory system. This includes the closure of three shunts that directed oxygenated blood away from the lungs and liver during fetal life. Additionally, the clamping and cutting of the umbilical cord collapse the umbilical blood vessels.